Early AMD may have no symptoms
Age-related macular degeneration affects the central part of the retina. Dry AMD is more common and often progresses gradually. Wet AMD is less common but can cause faster central-vision loss when abnormal blood vessels leak or bleed.
A comprehensive dilated eye examination can identify changes before a person notices substantial vision loss. OCT imaging may provide detailed information about the retina when indicated. New distortion, a blurry central area or straight lines appearing wavy deserves prompt evaluation.
What the macula does
The macula is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, straight-ahead detail. AMD can interfere with reading, recognizing faces, driving and close work while peripheral vision remains.
Dry AMD
Dry AMD is more common and occurs as the macula changes with age. It ranges from early to late stages and may progress slowly, with no symptoms in the early stage.
Wet AMD
Wet AMD is a late form caused by abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. Leakage or bleeding can produce faster distortion or central-vision loss and usually requires retinal-specialist care.
Testing and monitoring
A dilated retinal examination is central to diagnosis. OCT and other imaging may be used to examine retinal structure, document change or guide referral.
Treatment depends on the stage
Certain people with intermediate or late AMD may benefit from the studied AREDS2 formulation. Wet AMD is commonly treated with anti-VEGF injections; the specific plan is determined by a retinal specialist.
At a glance
- Risk increases with age and family history
- Smoking increases AMD risk
- Dry and wet AMD have different courses and treatment options
- AREDS2 supplements are intended for certain diagnosed stages—not everyone
- Wet AMD is commonly treated by a retinal specialist with anti-VEGF injections
- Low-vision services can help people use remaining vision more effectively
Good questions deserve clear answers.
What is an early warning sign of macular degeneration?
Early AMD may have no symptoms. Later changes can include central blur, missing spots, reduced low-light vision or straight lines appearing wavy or crooked.
Does macular degeneration cause total blindness?
AMD primarily affects central vision rather than all peripheral vision, but advanced disease can seriously interfere with reading, faces, driving and other detailed tasks.
Should everyone over 55 take AREDS2 vitamins?
No. The studied supplements benefit certain people with intermediate or late AMD, not everyone. Ask an eye-care professional whether your diagnosed stage matches the evidence.
How is wet AMD treated?
A retinal specialist commonly treats wet AMD with medicines called anti-VEGF drugs injected into the eye. The schedule and other options depend on the individual case.